By June of 1842, the British fleet had occupied Amoy and Shanghai, as well as a series of strategic islands and fortresses, commanding all maritime access to the southeast coast of China. The Chinese capitulated, and signed the Treaty of Nanking. […]
The dumping of 1300 tons of opium in the river was the culmination of an anti-opium campaign by Lin Zexu. He was appointed by the Manchus to oversee the suppression of of the opium trade in Canton. […]
One aspect of the ancient Irish culture forgotten partly due to British dominance was the Irish language. In the 19th century, different attempts were made to revive the language. The Gaelic League was the most prominent player in this challenge. […]
The revival of Celtic identity in Ireland was directly tied to political backgrounds. The way the Irish saw themselves in relation to the British determined their Irish identity. Their efforts in bringing back the cultural aspects of ancient Ireland started in the field of sports and reviving two old Irish games. […]
The Celtic identity of Scotland had been taken from them by such rules as the Dress Act. The repeal of the Act and some famous literary works led to the revival of Scottish identity and traditions. […]
The scholarly research on the Celtic heritage conducted by George Buchanan in the late 16th century mostly regarded linguistic connections between the Celtic languages. The linguistic investigations led to findings of the relationships between the Celtic peoples. But not all of them were based on reliable evidence. […]
Irish rebels had fought for centuries against England in spite of the Crown’s attempts to decrease the Irishness in Irish lands to make them submit to English rule. The last of these rebellions was linked to one of the most famous families in Ireland, the O’Neill family. […]
England struggled to make the Irish follow the English authority. When surrender and regrant failed, the English adopted new policies. […]
After the invasion of Ireland by the English, the old and new settlers of Ireland did not reach an amicable coexistence. This unstable situation made the English try different strategies to solve “the Irish problem.” […]
Once they had conquered England, the dukes of Normandy got to enjoy the title of ‘king’. As a result, they were subordinate to the kings of France, but at the exact same time, they were equals of the kings of France. This aberrational situation led to much bloodshed in future centuries, as kings of France and kings of England tried to work out the exact nature of their relationship. […]
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