Haiti’s revolution (1791-1804) completely upended the small Caribbean country’s political, economic, and social order, and challenged the social limitations that revolutionaries in Philadelphia and Paris had shied away from. […]
In September 1791, the National Assembly unveiled a formal constitution. Absolute monarchy gave way to a constitutional monarchy. […]
Revolutions are made not by the downtrodden but rather by those who feel their positions are in jeopardy or insufficiently validated. Such was the case with the French Revolution. […]
Public executions were not uncommon in Paris during the 18th century. By the end of 1792, an estimated 17,000 French citizens met their ends in violent and public fashion. […]
The US expected Japan to restrict the textile trade in return for Okinawa’s reversion. But this did not happen as the American side demanded and the US-Japan relations became unclear. […]
The inflection in the relationship between US and Japan was the result of a series of US policy shifts known as the Nixon Shocks. These policies had a major impact on Japan. […]
Pirates were more likely to feature international and interracial mixing. Racially targeted oppression was a little bit less severe than normal as some of the hierarchy was based on skill and not on race. […]
Mutiny was an important part of pirate politics that challenged the authorities and fought for the basic rights of all the pirates. William Fly was one of the famous pirate mutineers. […]
Pirates chose a dangerous path, which was also, relatively speaking, a path of freedom. Some people claim that pirates were freedom fighters attempting to spread labor rights and democratic values across the oceans. […]
Japanese exports were famous for their superior quality. The industry achieved this by not penalizing mistakes in the manufacturing process but rectifying them. If the product was flawed, they focused on changing the process, effectively managing superior quality. […]
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