Professor Elizabeth A. Murray

The human body finds its balance and support through its spine and vertebral column. With the help of digital records of cadavers and patients, it gets easier to study these body parts in details. […]

Science and technology have made it possible to study anatomy virtually. With Anatomage software, skull bones can be easily dissected, viewed, and observed. […]

The spine is a series of stacked bones, linked by the many joints and ligaments. The true back muscles move aspects of the spine and skull. They also help stabilize the spine. […]

The true back muscles are divided into four major subdivisions: the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis muscles, the erector spinae muscles, the transversospinalis and the segmental complex. […]

There are five superficial or appendicular back muscles: the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and levator scapulae. They are muscles of the upper limb that happen to ‘live’ on the back. […]

The muscles in the torso, including the chest, thorax, and abdomen, are crucial for life since these are responsible for breathing. However, equally significant is the spinal cord as it relays sensations to these muscles. […]

A set of four muscles, which find their origin in the intercostals, comprise the abdominal wall muscles. Besides other functions, these muscles also enable compression of the abdomen that aids in defecation, childbirth, anddeep exhalation. […]

The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that is unique in several ways. The diaphragm with its rhythmic contractions makes for voluntary breathing. […]

The anterior and lateral chest muscles facilitate movement in the upper limbs. The pectoralis muscles, serratus anterior, and subclavius are such facilitators. The thoracic muscles, on the other hand, aid in the respiration process. […]