Professor William Landon

Close-up of a sad looking face on a sculpture.
European History

Italy: Before and After the Black Death

January 26, 2022

The city-states of Italy often fought with one another, but had profitable trade relations. However, after the Black Death, the whole society was affected: international trade halted, businesses shuttered, and markets closed. […]

Detail of the coat of arms of the Medici family.
European History

The Medici Family: The White and Black Myths

January 26, 2022

Subscribers to the white Medici myth believe that the family’s entrepreneurship and political acumen contributed highly to Italy’s growth. Meanwhile, supporters of the black myth believe the Medici used their wealth and influence to buy power and lord over Florence. […]

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